There is much talk about convincing women to under vaccination against the human papilloma virus (HPV) to prevent cervical cancer but little about prevention. In a recently published study, severely vitamin D deficient women were found to be almost three times at greater risk for papilloma virus infection compared to women whose vitamin D levels were adequate. [Journal Infectious Diseases June 15, 2016] The vaccine for HPV does not protect against all strains of the virus whereas vitamin D does.